जश्न ए अदब

पिछले  दिनों दिल्ली मे आयोजित  जश्न ए अदब के छठे संस्करण का सदस्य के रूप मे भाग लेना मेरे लिए गर्व का विषय है। जहां दुनिया के तमाम हिस्सो मे जाति,धर्म,साम्प्रदाय,क्षेत्रवाद की भावना प्रबल होती जा रही है,ऐसे मे इस तरह के कार्यक्रम का आयोजन एक अच्छी कोशिश है। जश्न ए अदब वास्त्व मे सिर्फ एक जश्न ना होकर भारत की साझी विरासत , सांस्कृतिक मूल्यो , गंगा जमुनी तहजीब का प्रतिबिंब है। जहाँ इस तरह के कार्यक्रम मुख्यतः व्यवसायिकता की तरफ उन्मुख हो गए है , ऐसे मे जश्न ए अदब का अपने मूल्यों को बचा कर रखना सुखद एहसास देती है। यह कोई भाषा विशेष का जश्न न होकर हिंदुस्तान के विविधतावो का जश्न था। इसके कार्यक्रमो की सूची देख कर जैसे परिचर्चा,गजल संध्या,मुशायरा, पढ़न्त ,कव्वाली ,किताबो का विमोचन ,दास्तानगोई का सफर देख कर आप आसानी से अंदाजा लगा सकते है।  

"लोकतंत्र की जीत "

आज दिल्ली मे चुनाव शांतिपूर्ण ढंग से हो गया ।  दिल्ली के चुनाव मे चाहें जो भी पार्टी जीते , एक जीत तो जरूर होगी , वह  है लोकतंत्र की । दिल्ली  का चुनाव कई मायनो मे अहम है , जैसे इस चुनाव मे  सारी  पार्टियां घोषणापत्र के द्वारा लड़ रही है , कहीं कोई दंगा-फ़साद ,जाति-धर्म , वर्ग , हिंसा आदि की बाते नहीं हुई । यह सच्चे मायनों मे लोकतंत्र के सफलता के चिन्ह है । दिल्ली जैसे महानगरी राज्य जहां देश के हर छेत्र,हर जाति ,हर धर्म ,हर वर्ग  के लोग निवास करते है,यहाँ अगर कोई शुरूवात होती है , तो इसका सकारात्मक असर पुरे देश पर  पड़ेगा। इस चुनाव मई मुख्यतः तीन पार्टियाँ यथा आप, भाजपा, कांग्रेस के बीच मुकाबला है। तीनो पार्टियों के घोषणापत्रों  पर दृष्टिपात करने से पता चलता है की इनका पूरा जोर मुख्यतः शिक्षा, स्वास्थ,महिला सुरक्षा,रोजगार,बिजली और पानी की सुलभता अादि है। दिल्ली के हर कोने , हर गली-मुहल्लों, सड़को के किनारे होर्डिंग के द्वारा, समाचारपत्रों ,सोशल मीडिया आदि के द्वारा इन पार्टियो ने अपने अपने घोषणापत्र आम लोगो के जुबान पर चढा दिया है,सो जीते कोई भी पार्टी इन घोषणापत्रों मे किए गये वादों से मुकरना आसान नहीं होगा। कुछ चीजे जो घोषणापत्रों मे नहीं दर्शाई गयी है वह है महिलाओं के स्वतंत्रता से जुड़े मुद्दे , वित्त प्रबन्धन आदि।

                                                  हर पार्टी अपने प्रचार सभाओं मे महिलाओं की सुरक्षा की बात तो करते है, और समाधान करने के अपने अपने तरीके सुलझाये है जैसे सिक्योरिटी कैमरा, हर बस मे गार्ड, महिला विशेष बस सुविधा, आत्मसुरक्षा की प्रशिक्षण, सुरक्षा किट, मुफ़्त वाई फाई इत्यादि । हर कोई महिलाओं की सुरक्षा देने की बात करता है, अगर हम वास्तव मे महिलाओं के लिए कुछ करना चाहते है, तो पहले हमे अपनी सोच बदलनी होगी, भेदभाव की नीति त्यागना होगा। लिंग भेदभाव तो कुछ मामलो मे तब शुरू हो जाती है जब बच्ची माँ के पेट मे  होती है। अतः अगर हमें महिलाओं के लिए कुछ करना है तो हमें उन्हें बराबरी का मौक़ा देना होगा, भेदभाव ख़त्म करना होगा, शिक्षा, रोजगार,सशक्तिकरण पर जोर देना होगा, पितृसत्तात्मक मानसिकता को बदलना होगा, अन्यथा कितनी भी सुरक्षा क्यों न दी जाए, जबतक महिलाएं सशक्त नहीं होंगी,अपने फैसले खुद ना ले सकेंगीं, तथा जबतक सामाजिक आडम्बरों का डर होगा, कैसे यह मुमकिन है की उसे व्यवस्था पर विश्वास आए। उस मामले मे  क़ानून और पुलिस भी कुछ नहीं कर सकती जब महिला खुद सामाजिक डर की वजह से मामला ही दर्ज न कराए। महिलाओं की अगर हम सच्चे मायने मे  मदद करना चाहते है तो वह है की हम उनके मार्ग मे बाधा  न उत्पन्न करे। बाकि हमारे देश की महिलाये इतनी सशक्त है की वह अपना अधिकार खुद ले लेंगी।

                                                            दिल्ली के चुनाव के मुद्दे पर फिर आते  है, यह कांग्रेस के द्वारा भूतकाल मे किये काम, भाजपा वर्तमान की स्थिति, और आप भविष्य दिखाकर वोट मांग रही है। तीनो पार्टियो के मुख्यमंत्री पद के उम्मीदवार योग्य है। आने वाले समय मे यह साफ़ हो जायेगा की मुख्यमंत्री कौन होगा। इस तरह के सकारात्मक चुनाव प्रचार, मुद्दो की राजनीति, विकास की बातो से एक अच्छी लोकतांत्रिक परिपाटी की शुरूवात हुवी है। उम्मीद है पूरा देश इसकी जद में आ जाये। उत्तर प्रदेश और बिहार जहां देश की एक चौथाई जनसंख्या निवास करती है हम उम्मीद करते है की वहां भी जाति-धर्म, अगड़े-पिछड़ों, साम्प्रदायिकता से परे मुद्दों की राजनीति शुरू हो। जहां पार्टियां अपने जाति-धर्म के आधार पर नहीं बल्कि घोषणापत्र के आधार पर वोट की राजनीति करे।  

आज ऐसी दीवाली मनाते है

चलो आज ऐसी दीवाली मनाते है
लोगो के दिलों से नफरत मिटाते है
घर-घर में रोशनी जलाते है
चलो आज ऐसी दीवाली मनाते है

सब मिलकर खुशिया मनाते है।

जहाँ लोगों के बिच कोई भेद न हो
जहाँ ऊंच नींच का किसी को ऐहसास ना हो
जहाँ जाति धर्म से किसी का पहचान ना हो
चलो आज ऐसी दीवाली मनाते है
सब मिलकर खुशियाँ मनाते है।

एक नया हिन्दुस्तां बनाते है
कसमें वादे खाते है
लेकिन इस बार उसे निभाते है
चलो आज ऐसी दीवाली मनाते है
सब मिलकर खुशियाँ मनाते है।

Kabhi-Kabhi

Abhi Delhi se wapas aate huwe mere Dil mai ye khayaal aaaya....
Agar agar Delhi mai "Metro" na hoti to kaya hota....
Rozana 20-22 lakh logo ka saafar itna aasaan na hota...
Dhoop aur garmi se bachna itna aasaan na hota....
Aur manzil tak samay se pahunchana itna aasaan na hota....

Agar Delhi ki C.M Sheila Dixit ji na hoti to kayaa hota...
Delhi Totally electrified state na hota....
Delhi ki sadke itna chamkili nahi hota......
Delhi mai itna flyover na hote......
Delhi ki jindagi mai itna raftaar na hota.....

So, Delhi ko crime ka state ya kharaab  kahne se pahle hame 10 baar sochana chahiye. Agar ek masoom ladki ke saath Jayadati huwi hai to usse puri Insaaniyat Sharmsaar huwi hai na ki Only Delhi, Kisi bhi system ko Dosh(criticize) karne se pahle hame khud ko badalna hoga,Aur ye Kasam khaani hogi ki Hum na to crime ya corruption mai participate karenge Balki apne saamne hone bhi naa denge. Delhi hamesha se hi "Dildaar" rahi hai Aur aage bhi rahegi. Aaj hamare Desh mai har kone mai Women ke saath jayadati ho rahi hai Aur unki aawaaj uthane wala koi nahi. Ye to Shukr hai Delhi Aur yaha ke logo ka, jiski Aawaaz mai itni takat hai ki Hukumat(government) ko bhi Hila ke rakh deti hai. But kisi bhi jurm ko rokane ke liye Shuruwaat(start) hame hi karni hogi. Warna Kanoon kaisa bhi bana le kuch farq nahi padta.Aur yahi hoga...

"Umar(age) bhar Ghalib, yahi bhool karta raha'
Dhool(send) Chehare(face) per thi Aur aayina(mirror) saaaf karta raha"

Troy(Why?)

"Troy" What a brilliant movie.....Mujhe Hector ka role sabse accha laga , But mujhe ye movie dekhkar ek cheej ka ehsaas huwa ki Sirf apni Mohabbat ko paane ke liye Jung jayaj hai kaya? Agar haa to kuo? Jisme hazaroo lakho logo ki jaano ki kurbaani ho...Agar aesi mohabbat puri ho bhi gayi to kaya fayada jis mohabbat ki ibaarat itne logo ki shahadat se likhi ho....Mohabbat ko sirf wa sirf Mohabbat se jeeti ja sakti hai....Kisi bhi Inshaan ko kabhi itna selfish nahi banana chahiye ki Apni Mohabbat ko pura karne ke liye doosroo ke bhi jaan Daav per laga de.Agar hum kisi ko jaan de nahi sakte to sirf apni wajah se unka jaan Daav per lagane ka hame adhikaar nahi.....Iss moovie mai Paris(Jo Hector ka chota bhai hai) Ki waajah se hazaroo lakhoo logo ki jaane jaati hai, uska bhai,uska father sab jung mai maare jaate hai....Iss movie mai mujhe Achilles(Brad Pitt) ka role bada confusing laga.Agar kisi ka role mujhe pasand aaaya to wo Hector ka tha.jo ek perfect Brother,Son,Husband,Father,Warrior Aur ek Accha Insaan bhi tha....Kul milakaar Movie acchi thi but mujhe ye movie dekhkar satisfaction nahi huwa...Agar sirf jung se jeet hashil ki jaa sakti to hum aaj tak Mahatma Gandhi aur Nelson Mandela ko yaad nahi rakhte...Inhone itni badi jung Ahinsha(non violence) Aur mohabbat se jeeti....So theek hi kaha gaya hai "Jung Gooliyoo se nahi Dil se jeeti jati hai"

Psychological Disorder

Psychological Disorder- Psychological disorders, also known as mental disorders, are patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of life. These disorders create distress for the person experiencing these symptoms.We can say that shychological disorders are “health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning.”

                                              According to International classification of diseases (ICD-10) states that 'pshychological disorders' comprise of deeply ingrained and enduring behavioral patterns, manifesting themselves as inflexible responses to a broad range of personal and social situations. They represent extreme or significant deviation from the manner in which an average individual in the given culture perceives, thinks, feels, and particularly relates to others. They are frequently, though not always, associated with varying degrees of subjective distress and problems in social functioning and performance. These patterns are usually evident during late childhood or adolescence, but the requirement to establish their stability and persistence usually (but not necessarily) restricts the use of the term 'disorder' for adults.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) definition is similar, although it is more explicit, and emphasizes the impulse control problems that many patients with personality disorders would have.

Classification of Pshychological Disorder –

1.     Mood Disorders

2.     Impulse-Control Disorders

3.     Factitious Disorders

4.     Eating Disorders

5.     Adjustment Disorders

6.     Anxiety Disorders

7.     Cognitive Disorders

8.     Developmental Disorders

9.     Dissociative Disorders

10. Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition

Causes of Pshychological Disorder- The main causes of pshyological disorder  in life are:

1.     Genetics (heredity)

2.     Tension at work or within the family

3.     Divorce

4.     Death in family

5.     Moving

6.      Jail term

7.      Marriage

8.     Debt

9.     Unemployment

10.  Major life changes

11.  Infections

12.  Brain defects or injury 

13.  Prenatal damage

14.  Substance abuse:

15.  Other factors:-Poor nutrition and exposure to toxins, such as lead, may play a role in the development of mental illnesses.

How Prevalent Are Psychological Disorders?

Relatively recent research has revealed that psychological disorders are far more prevalent that previously believed. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 26 percent of American adults over the age of 18 suffer from some type of diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

The 1994 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) indicated that 30 percent of respondents had experienced symptoms of at least one psychological disorder in the previous year. The survey also indicated that nearly half of all adults experience some form of mental disorder at some point in their life.

Clinical studies-

Early studies (that did not employ diagnostic instruments or operationalized criteria) on clinical samples from India reported prevalence rates of 0.3-1.6%. However, the rates were higher in special populations such as university students (19.1%); criminals (7.3-33.3%); patients with substance use disorders (20-55%); and patients who attempted suicide (47.8-62.2%). Studies employing comprehensive protocols for assessment (which were, however, not standardized for use in the Indian population) have yielded high rates of personality pathology in patients with anxiety disorders, such as, social phobia; drug dependence (25.6%); and mood disorders (37.5% in patients with bipolar disorder and 40.8% in those with major depressive disorder).The study on mood disorders used a self-report format for assessing personality disorders, which is known to overestimate the prevalence of these disorders.

Community studies-

Four general population studies done in the late 1980s and early 1990s that used assessment instruments specific to personality disorders established the high (and consistent) prevalence of these disorders (10.3 to 13.5%) in developed countries.More recent studies have upheld these results. The sex ratio was different for specific types of personality disorders, although the overall rate of prevalence was roughly equal for the two sexes.Reddy and Chandrashekar conducted a meta-analysis of 13 epidemiological studies from different parts of India.The prevalence of personality disorders was assessed in seven studies and the rate varied from 0 to 2.8%, with the weighted prevalence rate being 0.6%. Personality disorder diagnosis was significantly associated with the male gender. Prevalence rates of personality disorders may be lower in developing countries, but the methodological shortcomings of surveys preclude direct comparisons with the western data. Most of the general population epidemiological studies conducted in India have neglected co-morbidity and dual diagnosis, and have used screening instruments with low sensitivity and single informants; hence, they systematically underreport the prevalence.

Studies in relation to self-harm-

The rate of personality disorders in subjects who have demonstrated acts of self-harm have varied from 7% to 64%.Methodological issues probably play a major role in the discrepancy of prevalence rates between studies. Nath et al, used the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to assess outpatients and inpatients, who presented with a history of self-harm at any point in their life, in two age groups (15-24 years and 45-74 years). Sixty-four percent of the older group and 58.5% of the young subjects were reported to have a personality disorder. In the young group the most common personality disorder was the emotionally unstable personality disorder (28.6%) and anankastic personality disorder (11.7%); while in the older group, the anankastic personality disorder (34.5%) and emotionally unstable personality disorder (13.8%) were the most common personality disorders. The fact that all patients could be interviewed despite reluctance on the part of some (due to medico-legal concerns), and because the interview took approximately one hour (which is shorter than usual for those with a positive diagnosis), suggests that the subjects may have responded with a affirmative bias toward the questions. The fact that a local language version of the IPDE was not yet available, may also have led to some randomness in the responses. That only 5% of the young and none of the older patients had more than one personality disorder diagnosis, was surprising, in light of the high prevalence of personality disorders. 

Chandrasekaran et al., assessed 341 survivors (93% of all survivors, over a one-year period) after their first suicide attempt from a general hospital. Only 7% received a personality disorder diagnosis according to ICD 10 IPDE. The inclusion of the first attempt cases may have led to a low rate of diagnosis of emotionally unstable personality disorder (and consequently of any personality disorder). Other systematic biases could have been introduced by use of two interviewers and consensus diagnosis for all cases (the diagnostic process may have become too stringent). The article does not explicitly state it, but it is probable that the authors used the IPDE screening questionnaire for selecting subjects for the full interview; the sensitivity of the screen should have been assessed/mentioned to help in the interpretation of the findings of the study. The authors have quoted a study by Lathaet al., which yielded a (similar) prevalence rate of 12% for personality disorders in those attempting self-harm, but the latter study reached a diagnosis without using a standardized instrument and hence the two studies are not strictly comparable. A study that only assessed the presence of borderline personality disorder with a semi-structured interview, in patients who had made a suicide attempt, yielded a much higher rate of 18.3% for this single diagnosis.

Classification system preferred in Indian research-

The ICD-10 and DSM-IV are different, but overlapping classification systems. Both have adopted a polythetic approach as against a monothetic approach, in which none of the listed criteria are essential to make a diagnosis, any combination of a required number of criteria would lead to the diagnosis. There are some differences in the nomenclatures, for example, anankastic personality disorder in ICD-10 is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in DSM-IV. In ICD- 10, schizotypal disorder is considered to be an attenuated manifestation of schizophrenia and is categorized with psychotic disorders, while, narcissistic, depressive, and passive-aggressive personality disorders do not find a mention. There are also several marked differences in the criteria of the two systems and some minor variations in the wordings. Finally, the two schemes differ, in that, DSM separates state- and trait-based disorders on two axis and provides for clusters of personality disorders; while the ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines do not place the personality disorders and state disorders on separate axis or subdivide personality disorders into clusters. It is obvious from the above-mentioned studies that ICD 10 has found greater favor with the Indian researchers, probably because of its easier application in clinical practice (retrospective studies) and greater accessibility of IPDE, as it was developed by the World Health Organization. 

What is happening?

When we are under prolonged stress, our brains search desperately for ways to relieve the pressure. Often, if a person cannot find effective ways of coping or does not have a good support system, they can end up sinking deeper into negative thoughts and behaviours that affect daily functioning. As our bodies and minds are closely linked, a cycle of reinforcement develops that creates or exacerbates an internal imbalance.

Some of the effects of this imbalance can include:

o    Persistent negative thoughts including a preoccupation with death or suicide

o    Difficulty concentrating

o    Low energy or severely fluctuating energy levels

o    Hearing voices

o    Wanting to spend excessive amounts of time alone

o    Inappropriate and uncontrollable behaviour: excessive anger or sadness for example

o    Severe paranoia

Each of our lives is precious for its unique potential - if something within you is dragging you down, affecting your abilities and therefore holding you back, you should address it and give yourself the tools and the strength to get on with your life.

Consclusion-

The field of pshychological disorders is at a nascent stage of development in India. From a situation of almost no articles specifically focused on personality pathology till the 1980s, there is now a trickle. However, to date, the focus is understandably but entirely on clinical epidemiology. Although there are very few methodologically robust studies, the increasing familiarity with the field and its methodological nuances augers well for the future. There is obviously a need for better and more studies in relation to pshychological disorders on methodology and epidemiology (particularly community studies), and also on cultural and classificatory issues. There is also a need for studies to populate the vast open swathes in terms of etiology, clinical features, assessment, management, course and outcome, and on the various debates that mark the personality disorder field, for example, whether personality disorders, as conceptualized today, are valid entities; the boundary issues between personality disorders and normal personality traits on the one hand and mental state disorders on the other; and the organization of personality disorder in dimensional or categorical terms.

khat

ख़त

लिखे थे तुमने ,
दो ही ख़त मुझको
एक था ,
जिसमे प्यार भरा था
और दूसरे में ,
शिकवा गिला था...
आज तक बस ,
इसी सोच में हैं दिल
कौन सा ख़त भला ,
और..
कौन सा बुरा था !!